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Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Issue 40

Publication date: June 2013

Full version of Bulletin

Table of contents

Myeloperoxidase Interactions with Nitric Oxide: A Review of Mechanistic Pathways Review

Galijašević Semira

Abstract: The phagocytic enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays an essential role in the inflammatory response by catalyzing formation of reactive species involved in microbial killing by generating hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from H₂O₂ and physiological (≥100 mM) Cl^- concentrations. However, increased MPO activity has been linked to a number of pathologies with compelling evidence in initiation and progression of inflammatory events. For example, leukocyte and serum MPO levels are elevated in patients with coronary artery disease and thus may be used as a marker for cardiovascular events. MPO-derived oxidants have been linked with neurodegenerative disorders, carcinogenesis, lung disease and respiratory damage, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney damage and atherosclerosis, respectively. Recent data showed the link between increase levels of MPO and development of diabetes, implicating the enzyme as a catalyst for oxidative reactions in the vascular wall. One of the important molecules directly modulated by MPO is nitric oxide, whose bioavailability plays the central role in the development of different pathophysiologies. Thus, we reviewed and analyzed available data and proposed the comprehensive reaction pathways connecting inflammatory action of MPO and bioavailability of NO resulting in a major disturbance of normal psychological functions.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40, 1-8.

Structure of Matter – Diagnosis of Misconceptions and Challenge Review

Barke Hans-Dieter

Abstract: Students at schools and universities may know formulae and chemical equations, but are weak in mental models according the structure of metal- and salt crystals. Especially concerning ions as particles in solid salts or in salt solutions they show a lot of misconceptions, i.e. NaCl molecules in rock salt or Na-O-H molecules in sodium hydroxide solution. One way to challenge those misconceptions can be a periodic table containing symbols of atoms and ions on the base of Daltons atomic model, showing atoms and ions by spheres of different sizes. Combining metal atoms “left and left in PSE” to giant structures will show structures of pure metal crystals and alloys, combining nonmetal atoms “right and right in PSE” to molecules will show molecular structures of volatile substances, combining ions “left and right in PSE” will show ionic lattices of salt crystals. With those steps in early chemistry education the understanding of salts and electrolyte solutions will be scientifically correct – misconceptions should be minimized.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40, 9-16.

Cyclic Conjugation in Benzo-annelated Ovalenes Original Scientific Article

Gojak-Salimović Sabina, Gutman Ivan, Đurđević Jelena, Janošević Marina

Abstract: The effect of small structural changes on the electronic properties of large benzenoid molecules is studied in the case of ovalene and its benzo-annelated derivatives. Two quantitative indicators of the intensity of cyclic conjugation in individual rings were used: the π-electron content and the energy effect. Most regularities observed can be rationalized by means of the classical Clar aromatic sextet theory, although a few second-order effects point towards the need to go beyond the Clar model.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40, 17-20.

Influence of Monomer Concentration on Capability of Voltammetric Polypyrrole Based Cation Sensor Using Modified Butler-Volmer Equation Original Scientific Article

Ostojić Jelena, Gojak-Salimović Sabina, Korać Fehim, Gutić Sanjin, Islamović Safija

Abstract: In this work, a modified Butler-Volmer equation is used to determine capability of voltammetric ion sensor based on modified PPy/DBS electrode. This method shows a direct relationship between mid point reversible potential (E_R) and the logarithm of the electrolyte concentration. Slopes from Butler-Volmer equation include electron-transfer coefficient. Modified PPy/DBS electrode was successfully applied as voltammetric cation sensor. It was shownthat the capability of the sensor depends on the quality of formed polypyrrole film which is dependent on the initial monomer concentration.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40, 21-24.

Identification and Quantification of Quercetin, Naringenin and Hesperetin by RP LC – DAD in Honey Samples from B&H Original Scientific Article

Kurtagić Harun, Redžić Sulejman, Memić Mustafa, Sulejmanović Jasmina

Abstract: A large number of different products on the market comes under the name of honey, but many of them are false. Presence of flavonoids in the honey samples may be an indication of its origin. There for ethere is a need for reliable analytical methods for identification and quantification of flavonoids in the honey samples. Flavonoids as constituents of many plants, bees bringto the hive through pollen and honey dew. In this work, identification and quantification of three flavonoids: quercetin, naringenin and hesperetin from twelve honey samples of different botanical origin from Bosnia and Herzegovina were performed. The samples were collected during the period July-September,2010. Reverse phase liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (RP LC-DAD) has been used to separate flavonoids and to quantify them in extractive solutions from honey samples. Results showed that the highest amount of quercentin (43.28 μg/100 g honey) and hesperetin (50.12 μg/100 g honey) was found in honey acacia (K2) and naringenin (41.40 μg/100 g honey) in the linden. The highest total content of all investigated flavonoids was 122.40μg/100 g honey in sample of honey acacia (K2).

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40, 25-30.

Thermal and Crystallographic Characteristics of Synthesized Xanthen-3-one Derivatives Original Scientific Article

Završnik Davorka, Veljović Elma, Bajrović Adnan, Vrankić Martina, Gržeta Biserka, Osmanović Amar, Špirtović-Halilović Selma, Muratović Samija

Abstract: Series of synthesized xanthen-3-one derivatives were analyzed for thermal characteristics by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as for crystallinity using X-ray powder diffraction. Xanthen-3-one derivatives are prepared according to the well known procedure, which includes two-fold Friedel-Crafts alkylation. The aim of this research was to determine purity and crystallinity of synthesized xanthen-3-one derivatives.Thermograms of synthesized compounds showed that compounds have purity above 98%, while crystallographic analysis of powder showed that thecompounds have a10-37% monocrystallineform.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40, 31-34.

Changein Acidity of L-Ascorbic Acid in the Mixed Solvent DMSO- Water Followed by Conductometric Determination of Dissociation Constants Original Scientific Article

Rimpapa Zlatan, Pleho-Kapić Amna, Galijašević Semira, Šapčanin Aida, Korać Fehim

Abstract: Using conductometric method, the changes in the acidity of L-ascorbic acid in the mixed solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) - water were monitored. The mixed solvent used was two-component system consisting of nonpolar and polar solvents. Dissociation constants of L-ascorbic acid was determined in pure water and in the mixed solvent DMSO- water with different molar ratios of two solvents: x_DMSO=0.500, 0.333, 0.250, 0.200, 0.166, corresponding respectively to DMSO -H₂O, DMSO-2H₂O; DMSO-3H₂O,DMSO-4H₂O; DMSO-5H₂O. Concentrations of freshly prepared solution of ascorbic acid were in the range from 0.00002 to 0.05 moldm^-3. Molar conductivity resistance values were measured for a given concentration of freshly prepared solutions of L-ascorbic acid and 24 hours old solutions. Using Ostwald's dilution law values for the molar conductivity at infinite dilution (l₀) and dissociation constants (K), i.g. pK(-log K) were calculated. The results obtained for different concentrations of L-ascorbic acid in the mixed solvent DMSO - water indicate that during a time, pK values declined and acidity increased. Following pK values in the dependence on x_DMSOfor a freshly prepared solution of L-ascorbic acid. The curve with two inflection points was obtained corresponding to the system of mixed solvent DMSO and DMSO-2H₂O and DMSO-3H₂O. In 24 hours old solution of L-ascorbic acid, inflection points were not observed. The results indicate the possibility of different adducts in the mixed solvent or in old solutions as well as accumulation of degradation products over time.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40, 35-38.

Energy Consumption and Environmental Impact of the Foundry Industry Original Scientific Article

Šehić-Mušić Nafija, Goletić Šefket,Pihura Derviš, Mušić Lejla, Hasanović Kadrija, Kalajdžisalihović Aida

Abstract: Climate change has a negative effect on water and food production, which poses a serious problem, as both resources are necessary for human survival. Sustainable development is the basic approach to the environment in modern times. Energy consumption and environmental issues such as climate change are global problems and industries such as the foundry industry have an influence over them. Therefore, environmental awareness, eco ethics, bioethics, and social reflexivity can be the agents of change in the future.Integrating the environment into development issues is of particular importance in the industry, so the aim of the research in this paper is to define a model for implementation and monitoring of key indicators of energy efficiency, as an instrument of effective environmental and energy management in the metal sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using these environmental tools contributes to more efficient use of energy as well as reducing emissions and negative impact on the environment. The study includes mezzo level companies (foundries).

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40, 39-46.

Treatment of Antimony-Rich Waste Streams Original Scientific Article

Avdić Nurudin, Müller-Czygan Günter

Abstract: The use of antimony in various chemical industries represents a potential source of environmental pollution, that occurs by discharg of untreated wastewater generated in the watercourses. Another sources of this pollutants can be individual sources from improper recycling of products containing antimony as, for example, of old batteries containing antimony in the bars and in the electrolyte.Here, it is suggested to extract antimony from waste water, with the possibility of application to different flows and concentrations of metals.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40, 47-49.

100 Years Anniversary of the Bohr Model ofthe Atom: How Chemistry Freshmen Understand Atomic Structure of Matter Original Scientific Article

Hadžibegović Zalkida, Galijašević Semira

Abstract: Hundred years ago the Danish physicist Niels Bohr presented his model of the atom for what he received Nobel Prize. His theory led to the revolutionary development of science in the beginning of 20^th century. Later one, quantum mechanics developed a new theory explaining all the shortcomings of Bohr’s model. However Bohr’s atom theory is presented and studied in most introductory General Chemistry textbooks. This anniversary was an opportunity to see how science students understand and visualize the structure of the atom. The data reported in this paper derived from a pilot research with 58 chemistry freshmen, were collected to explore their ideas of an atom, their knowledge about the Bohr model of the atom, and history and philosophy of science approach to Bohr atomic theory. Students' knowledge about Bohr's postulates is in agreement with chemistry textbook content except the part about Bohr's idea of angular momentum quantization, which they discuss within the General Physics 2 course. Using historical point of view when studying Bohr’s theory and his model of the hydrogen atom can help students to understand contemporary theory of the atom better.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40, 51-56.

Influence of Hydroxypropyl Guar on Water Retention of Cement Based Renders Technical Article

Medić Vesna

Abstract: Cellulose ethers are polymers introduced into mortar formulations to improve thickening and water retention capacity. Cellulose industry require technology with chemicals treatment which causes the production of industrial wastewater and made this industry for one of the largest pollutants of water and air. This work present the analysis of possibile application of the guar beans powder in cement based renders for partical replacement of the cellulose ether. Technology of basic guar bean powder production is very simple process and present only mechanical operations which don't include a chemical treatments that causes pollutant effects to ecology. Experimental part involves a meassurement of water retention capacity in freshly mixed cement based render independency of quantity of aplicient hydroxypropyl guar. For measuring are Filter plates and conical plastic rings according to EN 459-2 were used for measurements. The results are presented as mass percente of hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) which can be replaced with hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) including high water retention capacity in optimal conditions of used water for preparing fresh mixed mortars. Thereby, the possibility for decraseing consuption of celluloseused in t building material products and constructions has been established which can improve a positive effect by decreasing wood exploatation and decreasing enviromental pollutants.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 40, 57-60.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Issue 39

Publication date: December 2012

Full version of Bulletin

Table of contents

One-Shot Chemiluminescence Biosensor for Determination of Glucose in Soft Drinks Original Scientific Article

Čopra-Janićijević Amira, Tahirović Azra, Kalcher Kurt

Abstract: The preparation of a new biosensor for glucose was based on the fact that glucose can be determined by its enzymatic oxidation to gluconic acid with simultaneous formation of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of glucose oxidase. Hydrogen peroxide formed in previous reaction further reacts with luminol in presence of cobalt as catalyst producing chemiluminescence signal. This biosensor was made of three layers. The first layer contained luminol, sodium phosphate, sodium lauryl sulphate as a surfactant and a polymer, hydroxyethyl cellulose as a carrier applied to the support. The second was an aqueous solution of Co2+as a catalyst, and the third layer was an aqueous solution of glucose oxidase. After applying the sample solution (glucose) by micropipette onto the sensor, glucose reacted with glucose oxidase and hydrogen peroxide was formed. Hydrogen peroxide diffused towards the polymeric layer containing luminol and produced chemiluminescence reaction. The detection limit for the new glucose biosensor (3σ) was found to be 19 mg L-1 glucose (σ from 5 determinations of 30 mg L-1). A relative standard deviation of 7.6 % was recorded for 10 measurements of 50 mg L-1 standard glucose solution, and 6.8 % for 10 measurements of 500 mg L-1 standard glucose solutions. The glucose biosensor was used for the determination of glucose in soft drinks (mainly apple juices). The results obtained with the chemiluminescence sensors and commercial glucometer (as the reference method) are in good agreement. The corresponding recovery rates were between 93 and 105 %.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 39, 1-6.

Variation of PM₁₀, NO₂, NO and O₃ in City of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Original Scientific Article

Buntić Nikolina, Kraljević Tomislav, Talić Stanislava

Abstract: Pollutants such as particulate matter PM, nitrogen oxides and troposferic ozone are harmful to a human health. Study of pollutant variation and its relationship is of importance not only for environmental protection but also for the benefit of public at large. The aim of this study was to analyze seasonal and daily variation of PM₁₀, NO₂, NO and O₃ in a residential part of an urban area. The study was conducted from January 1 till December 31, 2011 in the City of Mostar using the following methods: absorption of beta radiation, chemiluminescence and UV photometry. The results presented in this article, show the dependence of air pollution levels upon traffic density and seasons. Considering the level of air pollution relative to the regulated limited and tolerated values, the measured 24-hour concentrations of all studied pollutants did not exceeded the limited values and tolerated values.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 39, 7-10.

Determination of Radionuclide Activity of U-238 in Wheat using Gamma Spectrometric Method Original Scientific Article

Islamović Safija, Radović-Rajević Gordana, Zovko Emira

Abstract: Migration and accumulation of contaminants in soil is complex and involves different processes such as leaching, capillary movement, sorption, nutrient resuspension in roots and into the atmosphere. Speciation of radionuclides in ecosystems depends on the source and layoffs, the distance from the source, dispersion processes and deposition conditions. Resuspension of radionuclides from the soil surface to the outer portions of the plants occurs due to the action of rain and wind. Significant variations in contamination can be expected depending on the type of plant, plant growth conditions and methods of its preparation before consumption. In this study we determined the activity of radionuclides U-238 in the aerial part of wheat that was sown on a sample of soil from Hadzic, and as an added contaminant different uranyl acetate concentrations were used. Gamma spectrometric measurements were carried out in a vertical coaxial HPGe detector. It is concluded that, regardless of the concentration of the contaminant, if the plant has a sufficient amount of essential elements, in this case potassium, it will not take an element that is harmful to its development, such as the uranium-238, which belongs to the toxic and unnecessary elements in plant nutrition.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 39, 11-14.

Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Nigella sativa L. Original Scientific Article

Goga Amila, Hasić Sabina, Bećirović Šejla, Ćavar Sanja

Abstract:Nigella sativa L. (Black cumin) is an annual herbaceous plant which belongs to family Ranunculaceae. The plant commonly grows in the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Western and Central Asia. This plant has been extensively investigated in recent years, due to its notable pharmacological properties. This work presents the investigation of phenolic content and antioxidant activity in extracts obtained from seeds of N. sativa, using Soxhlet and ultrasound extraction techniques. Total phenolics content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and they varied from 11.867±0.338 to 31.148±0.293 mg/g GAE. Radical scavenging activity of the samples was examined using two methods, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), (ABTS) test, and reducing power of these samples was examined by reducing ferric, and molybdenum cations. All examined samples showed prominent antioxidant activity, except p-cymene. Thymoquinone and ethanolic extracts revealed the best results among six investigated samples.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 39, 15-19.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Chloro-Ru(III) complex with Formamide Original Scientific Article

Dugandžić Vera, Kahrović Emira

Abstract: A new neutral complex has been synthesized in reaction of [RuCl₆]^3- with formamide in mixed solvent ethanol-water (10:1). Obtained olive green substance was characterized by mass spectrometry, CHN elemental analysis, IR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Based on experimental data, compound was formulated as [RuCl₃(HCONH₂)₃]x0,5C₂H₅OH. Relative molecular mass of synthesized compound was determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as adduct with K⁺ ion to have value of 382.8485. IR spectrum of formamide, indicates coordination through the amide carbonyl oxygen, which is indicated by shift of carbonyl absorption from 1681 cm^-1 in free formamide to 1636 cm^-1 in synthesized compound. UV-VIS spectrum of synthesized compound in water shows LMCT absorption centered around 300 nm. Hydrolytic profile indicates that compound hydrolyses with fast exchange of first chloride ion with water molecule.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 39, 21-23.

Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Fruit Juices Original Scientific Article

Keskin-Šašić Irmina, Tahirović Ismet, Topčagić Anela, Klepo Lejla, Salihović Mirsada, Ibragić Saida, Toromanović Jasmin, Ajanović Atifa, Velispahić Elmir

Abstract: The interest in polyphenolic antioxidants has increased remarkably in the last decades due to of their elevated capacity in scavenging free radicals associated with various human diseases. Previously, some fruits were shown to contain high antioxidant activities. Fifteen fruit juices were analyzed for total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC). The total phenolic content (TPC) was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and gallic acid used as standard. TPC varied from 7.3 mg GAE/100 mL for aloe vera juice to 71.8 mg GAE/100 mL for cranberry juice. The value of antioxidant capacity was determined by ORAC test, using 2,2'-azobis(2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride as reactive species and Trolox as a standard. Obtained values were from 27.1 μmol TE/100 mL for aloe vera juice to 1271.8 μmol TE/100 mL for black currant juice. Results from the present study suggest further analysis on chemical composition of samples in order to identify compounds that might be responsible for antioxidant activity.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 39, 25-28.

The Impact of the Content of Lead Oxide on the Porosity and Volume of the Pores, Paste and Active Mass of the Positive Electrodes-Pasted Flat Plates of Lead-Acid Batteries Original Scientific Article

Avdić Nurudin

Abstract: Porosity and the volume of the pores of active mass of lead-acid layout battery are one of the key factors that determine the capacity and their lifetime. Increase of pore diameter enables flow of sufficient quantitiy of electrolyte into the bulk active mass and, as a consequence, enables its maximum conversion. Smaller diameter of the pores in the same volume of active mass provides a larger surface area which has again a consenquence of higher capacity for the ephemeral dischargings, but also faster filling in of the pores with the compenents of electrochemical reaction, which in turn reduces their lifespan. The aim of this work was to consider the impact of different content of the lead oxide in lead powder as the main component in the production of these batteries regardings this phenomenon.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 39, 29-33.

Effect of Plant Nutrients on Antiradical Activity of In Vitro Cultivated Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenk.) Original Scientific Article

Čakar Jasmina, Parić Adisa, Maksimović Milka, Bajrović Kasim

Abstract: Environmental conditions may have impact on plant metabolism, especially on secondary metabolism. As a result of different stress circumstance, plants have developed different protective mechanisms and major one is production of secondary metabolites. Plant growth conditions could be controlled and modified in in vitro plant culture, which usually results in higher or lower contents of secondary metabolites. We have established a rapid protocol for in vitro germination and cultivation of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plank. Three, ten, twenty and thirty days old seedlings, cultivated on three different Murashige-Skoog (MS) media, as well as two types of spontaneously induced calli were used for extraction. Ethanolic plant extracts were tested for their antioxidative potential using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging method. Extracts from three days old seedling demonstrated the highest antioxidative potential. On the other hand, extract of broccoli seedlings cultivated on basal MS medium have shown prooxidative properties that can be contribute to prooxidative properties of some unknown component in the presence of free transition metal ions, the type of oxidizable substrate in use, as well as to the biological environment in which they act.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 39, 35-38.

Theoretical Studies of Structures and Thermodynamic Parameters of Melatonin and its Metabolites: N1-Acetyl-N2-formyl-5-metoxy kynuramine and N1-Acetyl-5 metoxykynuramine Original Scientific Article

Galijašević Semira, Hodžić Elvisa

Abstract: Melatonin, a neurohormone is well known regulator of a number of physiological processes. In addition, numerous studies both in vitro and in vivo showed a strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity usually considered as a result of direct melatonin reactivity. However, two major metabolites of melatonin, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-metoxy kynuramine (AMFK) and N1-acetyl-5-metoxykyunaramine (AMK) also showed strong free radical scavenging activity, but towards different biological free radicals. Melatonin oxidation mechanism in a complex biological environment has been studied at different conditions but still is partially understood. Reactivity of the molecule is always governed but its electronic properties and kinetic and thermodynamic stability. Thus, we performed theoretical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at with B3LYP/6-31G* basis set to calculate geometries, atomic charges and thermodynamic parameters for all three molecules. Semi-empirical calculations at PM1 level are also performed and compared with DFT data. Calculated atomic charges showed that nitrogen atoms as the most possible sites for interactions with electrophilic species such as free radicals. Oxygen atom in metoxy group also shows pronounced negative atomic charge. The most stable molecule is AMFK, followed by AMK and melatonin respectively. This trend can partially explain high melatonin reactivity and its fast decomposition in biological systems. Obtained values calculated at semi-empirical and ab inition levels are significantly different implying that conclusions based on calculations done at lower levels of theory can not be used as reliable when explaining experimental data.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 39, 39-43.

The Cellulose and Paper Industry Wastewater Treatment Technical Article

Goletić Šefket, Avdić Nurudin

Abstract: A large amount of water is used in the cellulose and paper industry, which causes the production and release of the industrial wastewater which can, due to the amount and loads of contaminants, significantly affect the quality of the water environment if the adequate meassures for the rational use and purification of the same are not implemented and continuously applied. These wastewaters have a large organic contamination (BOD5 and COD), a large sulphite concentration, phenol and tannin (lignin) and chemicals that are used in the process of cellulose and paper production. The treatment of the wastewater from the cellulose and paper production in “Natron–Hayat“ Maglaj after the realization of the wastewater disposal project done in 2007 is analyzed in this paper. This company has accomplished the project of recovery and modernization of the wastewater purification system towards the rational use and efficient purification of the industrial waters. With the device efficiency analysis for the wastewater treatment it was concluded that the purification efficiency level is acceptable according to the emissions standards issued by the regulations for the terms of wastewater release into the natural recipients and public sewerage system. Thereby, this company has significantly contributed to the water resources protection, ie river Bosna, which is a recipient of the wastewaters released from this company's plant. However, it would be good to analyze the possibility of the optimization of this device in oreder of exploiting the biogas as a potential fuel, adn sludge as a potential fuel and for other purposes.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 39, 45-49.

Publisher of Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Faculty of Science University of Sarajevo.

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