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Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina

 

 

Issue 44

 

 

 

Publication date: June 2015

Full version of Bulletin

 

Table of contents

Antioxidant activity and total phenol content of white wine Žilavka Original Scientific Article

Marković Marijana, Martinović Bevanda Anita, Talić Stanislava

Abstract: It is already well known that wine consist of different compounds with strong antioxidant activity. Among them, most common ones are different phenol compounds generally separated in two major groups; flavonoids and nonflavonoids. In this paper we determined total phenol concentration and antioxidant activity of Herzegovinian white wines. Eighteen commercially available white wines made from autochthonous grape varietiesŽilavka (vintage 2011) were analyzed. Total phenol content was determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method using gallic acid as a standard. Two distinct methods were used to assess the antioxidant activity of tested wines: spectrophotometric monitoring of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH·)free radical scavenging activity and Briggs-Rauscher (BR) oscillating reaction method. Total phenol concentration in wine samples varied from 249.3 ±SDmgL-1 to 801. ±SDmgL-1 expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent per liter of wine, determined from a standard calibration curve. Similar antioxidant activity was obtained by both performed methods.  The antioxidant capacity obtained by DPPH·method ranged from 28.8%±SD to 70.2%±SD. In some cases, the results obtained using both, DPPH·and BR methods, confirmed the fact that wines with higher total phenol content have stronger antioxidant activity.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 1-4.

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Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of mushroom extracts from Bosnian market Original Scientific Article

Alispahić Amra, Šapčanin Aida, Salihović Mirsada, Ramić Emina, Dedić Amila, Pazalja Mirha

Abstract: Mushrooms are well balanced food that provides definite nutrition and health benefits for humans. Mushrooms are known to produce different kinds of bioactive compounds, generally linked with mycelial cell wall, that help in enhancing the capacityof immune system to fight against carcinogens. To consider the importance of polyphenolic compounds and its presence in many varieties of mushrooms, the total antioxidant activity of dry boletus mushroom, white and brown champignon, oyster mushroom and shiitake from bosnian markets was determined. Total phenolic content was estimated as Galic acid equivalents /g spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteus method. Total anthocyanine content was analysed by pH differential spectrophotometric method at 525 and 700 nm. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of mushroom extracts was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay. The analysis revealed that the total phenolic contents ranged from 4.94 mg GAEg-1 in oyster mushroom to 35.56 mg GAEg-1 in dry boletus mushroom. DPPH scavenging activity was the highest for brown champignon with value of  88.33 % and the lowest one was  for oyster mushrooms with value of  43.88 %. The mushrooms examined in the present study could represent easily accessible sources of natural antioxidants.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 5-8.

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Investigating the optimum fineness of the coal grain in the Brown Coal Mine Kakanj in order to fully exploit its calorific value Original Scientific Article

Avdić Nurudin, Šehagić Indira

Abstract: In an array of mechanical operations undertaken during the processing of raw coal at the reloading system of the “Vrtlište” open-cut mining in the brown coal mine Kakanj, the tendency is to separate the combustible from the non-combustible parts of coal all with the aim of obtaining a product with higher calorific value and fewer ash components.  Depending on the physical and chemical composition of the raw material and the purpose of the obtained product, our objective was to determine the optimal size of the coal grain in the “Brown Coal Mine Kakanj” whereby the most agreeable aspect in terms of the energy value was to separate the valuable fractions from the tailings.  It was established that the top-quality granulation in the raw material being delivered to the client in terms of its energy characteristics is -40+35 mm with a calorific value of 16918 kJ/kg followed by -35+20 and -20 +10 with a calorific value of 13035 kJ/kg and 13819 kJ/kg respectively. They generate the smallest amounts of ash after combustion while the free, hygro and total moisture have the lowest values in these samples.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 9-16.

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The effects of problem-based learning on students' achievements in primary school chemistry Original Scientific Article

Zejnilagić-Hajrić Meliha, Šabeta Alma, Nuić Ines

Abstract: Specific applications of cognitive and constructivist theories in problem-based learning (PBL) include connecting prior knowledge and skills with new information. This prominent instructional method is widely accepted in higher education around the world, but it also shows good results when applied in primary education of various disciplines. This paper presents effects of PBL application in 8th gradeprimary school chemistry when learning about chemical compounds, using questionnaires and tests of knowledge in pretest-posttest study with control (CG) and experimental (EG) groups. Students in CG were taught in usual way with teacher-centered approach, while in EG the PBL materials designed for the purpose of this study were applied. Results showed (1) significant improvement of students’ achievements in EG, (2) these students are not used to this teaching method so they encountered certain difficulties, (3) overall interest and engagement in chemistry lessons has increased.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 17-22.

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Dependance of viscoelastic properties of two emulsion formulations on preparation process Original Scientific Article

Elezović Alisa, Kostić Slobodanka, Hadžiabdić Jasmina, Rahić Ognjenka, Vranić Edina, Vehabović Midhat

Abstract: Rheological properties are crucial for cosmetic formulations, determining product’s properties during production and application. O/W emulsions (pH 6.86–7.10) were prepared with decyl-oleate as internal phase. A-formulations contained K-stearate, while N-formulations contained polyglyceryl-stearate and -behenate as principal emulsifiers. The formulations were prepared by adding the water to the oil phase (NA and AA) or vice versa (NB and AB). Oscillatory measurements were performed on Haake RheoStress using double gap cylinder. In amplitude sweep at low stresses all samples behaved as viscoelastic solids. With increasing stress, phase angles increased to >80o. Crossover of storage and loss moduli for AA happened at nine times higher stress compared to the other formulations, forming lamellar crystalline gel network. Linear viscoelastic region showed that AA was much more stable. Frequency sweep showed NA and AB to be liquid-like. In NB and AA decrease in complex viscosity indicates better spreadability. Stability of phase angles and storage and loss moduli indicate more elastic behavior. New nonionic emulsifier was more independent of processing, unlike anionic emulsifier. However, AA formulation gives much better feel properties, needed in cosmetic formulations.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 23-28.

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Spectrophotometric determination of total iron content in black tea Original Scientific Article

Mandal Šaćira, Banjanin Božo, Kujović Ismir, Malenica Maja

Abstract: The aim of this work was the assessment of total iron (Fe) content in some black tea brands using mineral digestion and spectrophotometric method.  Four samples of black tea from different manufactures in three parallels were prepared by digestion and oxidation with a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid. The total Fe content in analyzed black tea varies from 21.3mgFe/kg to 37.6mg Fe/kg. The used spectrophotometric method is simple and sensitive method that can be applied for the determination of total Fe content in plantmaterial.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 29-32.

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Influence of chloride ions on various corrosion resistance of Zinc coating Original Scientific Article

Ličina Sara, Ostojić Jelena, Gutić Sanjin, Cacan Merzuk

Abstract: Corrosion is one of the major causes for global crisis concerning the loss of materials resources and energy. It is also the cause of significant economical loss in many countries. Certain measures can be taken to minimize this problem, which is the first and foremost goal of this research work. The objectives of this study are to investigate respective aspects of chloride ions influence on various galvanic properties of zinc coating. Those included: corrosion resistance properties, the effects different concentrations of chloride solutions thereon, also the properties of galvanically deposited zinc in a variety of coating thicknesses with respect to corrosion resistance of galvanically deposited zinc in chloride solutions and the influence of chloride ions on the zinc coating given by different technologies, as warm and galvanic processes, analysis of their properties on corrosion resistance. All tests were performed with potentiostat/galvanostat Model 263A, guided by potentiodynamic polarization and linear polarization method. Based on the results presented in this research work, it is concluded that despite the costs the corrosion protection is the most effective way to prevent material loss.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 33-38.

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Validation of  method for the determination of mercury in the auxiliary substances azorubine 21%and azorubine 85% using cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry Original Scientific Article

Petinac Sanel, Mulaosmanović Edhem, Mahmutović Omer, Omerović Samira, Džudžević Čančar Hurija

Abstract: Heavy metals, such as mercury (Hg), sometimes can be found in auxiliary substances intended for pharmaceuticals use. Although the concentration of those elements is very low, their control isvery important because of its toxicity. Permissible concentration of mercury (Hg) in Azorubine 21% and Azorubine 85% is prescribed by the Directive of the European Commission concerning the specific purity criteria on food coloring. The  focus of this paper is on validating reliable methods of  Hg determination in auxiliary substances mentioned above, by Cold-vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after microwave acid digestion of solid samples. To obtain possibly present Hg in Azorubine by conversion to  Hg2+ ions, samples were treated with a mixture of 1 mL MQ water + 1 mL 65% HNO3 + 1 mL 70% HClO4 + 5 mL 96% H2SO4 and heated by microwave for 30 min. on 1000 W in sealed TFMTM – PTFEtubes. The resulting solutions are diluted and analyzed for Hg using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry with sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The method was successfully validated and can be applied for the determination of Hg in solid samples of Azorubine 21% and Azorubine 85%, with value of recovery factor of 95% to 104% and 96% to 105%, respectively.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 39-42.

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Antioxidant and prooxidantactivities of phenolic compounds of the extracts of Echinacea purpurea(L.) Original Scientific Article

Jukić Huska, Habeš Suad, Aldžić Asmir, Durgo Ksenija, Kosalec Ivan

Abstract: Background and objectives: In recentyears, there is a growing intereston natural and safer antioxidants.So far, little is known about the cytotoxic and (anti) oxidative potential of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) extracts. Methods:In order to evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts, total phenolics content and the scavenging capacity on DPPH˙ radicals was determined. The ability of extracts to scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals was tested using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. Also, the extracts were screened for cytotoxicity and antioxidative/prooxidative potential by neutral red and DCFDA assay respectively, usinghuman colon cancercell lineSW480. The cells wereexposed to various concentrationsof extracts (range:0,008; 0,08; 0,8; 1; 10 i 20 mg/mL) and different treatmenttimes (2, 3, 4 and 24h). Results: Thecontent of total phenolic compounds of extracts of  E. purpureawas 10.57 % GAE. The scavenging activity of radicals was found to exhibit 50% of the inhibition value (IC50 value) at the concentration of 15.67 μg/ml for the investigated echinacea extract. Also, the calculated value of 210 mg/ml for hydroxyl and 76.7 mg/ml for superoxide anion radical indicates that the Echinacea extract is rich in antioxidant compounds that neutralize investigated radical species.In in vitro experiments, echinacea extract showed prooxidant effect at lower concentrations and shorter incubation period when SW480 cell line was used as test system. The highest concentration was also the most toxic which is particularly evident after 24 hours of treatment.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 43-52.

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Mycelial growth rate and yield of oyster mushroom – Pleurotus ostreatus fruitful part (Jacquin: Fr.) Kumm at different temperatures Original Scientific Article

Turković Samir

Abstract: In this paper are presented possibilities for production of oyster mushroom, its mycelium and compost, as well as how different temperatures affect the mycelial growth and yield of these mushrooms. Mycelium was cultivated on the PDA media, which was later transferred onto the sterilized wheat grains and at the end in the compost made from beech sawdust and hay. The ratioof sawdustandhaywas1:1.Compostcan be preparedfrom50%wheat straw +50% soybean straw, 50%wheat straw +50% corn stems, 50%wheat straw and 50% sunflower stems. The mycelium which was growing at an average temperature of 20 °Cafter 15 days was ready for the next grafting, while the mycelium, which was kept at 4 °C for the same period, had very slow growth rate. Mycelium was then inoculated onto sterile grain of wheat, which at a temperature of 20 °C grown very quickly. Two seedlings on compost were made, summer and autumn. The average air temperature during the summer seeding was 19.96 °C and in autumn 13.85 °C. It was found that the yield from the summer seeding was 17.76%, while the yield of autumn seeding was 7.2% relative to the weight of the wet substrate. Low temperatures, around 4oC have inhibitory influence on the mycelium growth and in such conditions mycelium can be stored up to one year. The average temperature of 19.96 °C is ideal for the growth of both mycelium and mushrooms, as well as the expected yield.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 53-58.

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Changes in lecithin concentrations in human blood with aging Original Scientific Article

Ajanović Atifa,  Sofić Emin, Tahirović Ismet, ŠapčaninAida, UzunovićAlija, Krehić Jasmina, Gojak Refet, Dizdar Muamer

Abstract: Lecithin is a phospholipid and a major structural component of the cell membrane. The aim of this study was to determine the lecithin concentrations (LC) in the human blood depending on age. Lecithin was measured in the human plasma (807) and wholeblood (787)of men and women aged 0.6 to 90years, by using a commercially available enzymatic kit, which is based on the spectrophotometric determination. All samples were divided into four aging groups: children (0-12 years), adolescents (13-20 y.), work-active group (21-60 y.), and older group (>60 y.). The plasma LC of all males (397) were very similar to those of females (410) (mean 3.01±0.91 mmol/l, and 2.99±1.02 mmol/l, respectively). However, within both gender, the plasma LC increased with aging. The LC in whole blood increased with aging in males, but in the work-active group, and in older group of women, the whole blood lecithin decreased without statisticalsignificance. Also, the LC in whole blood of older women were statistically lower than the LC in older men (p***<0.001, Mann-Whitneytest), while the LC in whole blood of other groups of both gender were mainly uniform. The lecithin ratio in plasma and whole blood was »1:2 in all aging groups.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 59-64.

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Students with disabilities and chemistry education: Possibilities and difficulties Original Scientific Article

Zejnilagić-Hajrić Meliha, Delić Ena, Nuić Ines

Abstract: Education of students with disabilities in B&H is regulated by law for primary and secondary education by responsible institutions (ministries). It can be implemented in regular schools with or without adopted curriculum, and in special centers for their education. This paper presents results of study conducted in two centers: for secondary school students with visual (CSSDO) and hearing (CSGR) impairments. The aim of the study was to explore their knowledge and interest in studying chemistry at university level. Results showed: (1) there is no significant difference in students’ achievements on knowledge test in general chemistry (GC) in CSSDO and CSGR, (2) considering their achievements in GC, they have a chance to enroll to university majoring in chemistry based on earlier entrance exams, (3) majority of students would like to enroll to university after secondary school, (4) but only one student would consider studying chemistry. These results show significant obstacles for students with disabilities to enroll to university, especially when studying science, but also the lack of proper education for teaching staff both at university and in secondary school when it comes to education of students with disabilities.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 65-70.

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Pigments and genome size variation in Symphyandra hofmannii population Original Scientific Article

Parić Adisa, Karalija Erna, Pustahija, Fatima, Šiljak-Yakovlev, Sonja, Muratović, Edina

Abstract: Thephotosynthetic pigments, total anthocyanin content and genome size in six natural populations of endemic species Symphyandra hofmanniiPant. (Hoffman's ring bellflower) from Bosnia and Herzegovina were investigated in the present study. The intrapopulation and interpopulation analysis of Symphyandra hofmannii growing under different environmental conditions were achieved. The interpopulation analysis of individuals developed under different environmental conditions had shown statistically significant differences for all investigated parameters (chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio, carotenoids, anthocyanins and DNA amount). Statistically significant differences between individuals from the same population and different habitats, in chlorophyll b, a/b ratio and anthocyanins content, were also apparent. Interpopulation pigments’ variation could not be related to light as only differential ecological parameter. This variation was depended on combined environmental conditions, such as geological substrate, altitude or anthropogenic factors. The genome size was significantly higher only for one serpentine population (Papratnica).

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 71-78.

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Investigation of potentially contaminated areas in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with depleted uranium Technical paper

Nuhanović Mirza, Vidic Alfred, Ilić Zorana, Kaldžija Naida, Pušina Naida

Abstract: During the war in Bosnia, depleted uranium was used on several - locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including the area of Hadzici. Estimated amount of used ammunition is close to three tons. Only a fraction of depleted uranium penetrator, detected in the surface ground layer was removed.A certain number of ground, moss and subterranean water samples have been collected in december 2013, for the purpose of evaluation of two decade long contamination from depleted uranium ammo usage. The colected samples were subjected to radiochemical separation and alpha-spectrometric analysis.The results of the examination showed that the uranium was present in the amount of 0.6 to 1.8 µg/kg in the ground samples, 0.2  to 7.0 µg/kg in the moss samples and 0.36 to 1.04 µg/L in the subterranean water. The activity ratio  of 234U/238U  in three moss samples, as well as one ground sample, showed the presence of depleted uranium. Analyzed water samples indicated a natural relation of uranium isotopes.Tests shows that the presence of depleted uranium deserves detailed examination of radioactivity, radioecology assessment and evaluation of population exposure.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 44, 79-82.

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Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina

 

 

Issue 45

 

 

 

Publication date: December 2015

Full version of Bulletin

 

Table of contents

Bis(iminato)ruthenates(III): Correlation of Half-wave Potential and Hydrolysis Constant with Electronic Effects of Substituent Original Scientific Article

Zahirović Adnan, Turkušić Emir, Kahrović Emira

Abstract: Influence of electronic effects of substituent on Schiff base ligands, derived from salicylaldehyde and 5-substituted salicylaldehydes with 2-aminophenole, on half-wave potential and hydrolysis constants of Sodium bis(iminato)ruthenates(III)hemitriethylamine solvate was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electronic spectroscopy. New complex, Sodium bis[N-(2-oxy-κO-phenyl)salicylideneimine-κ2N,O(1-)]ruthenate(III) hemitriethylamine solvate was prepared and characterized on the basis of infrared and electron spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and ruthenium content. Cyclic voltammograms of complexes in organic solvents demonstrate quasi-reversible one-electron process with pronounced reducing power of Ru(II). Appling Hammet equation for half-wave potential of complexes we found that substituents conduct electronic density via X-C6H3-O-Ru-O-C6H3-X bonds. Electron spectroscopy was used to investigate behavior of complexes under physiological conditions and showed that hydrolysis occur. Constants of hydrolysis were determined spectrophotometrically using kinetics of pseudo-first order.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 45, 1-8.

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Antioxidant potential of selected traditional plant-based beverages in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Original Scientific Article

Marjanović Aleksandra, Đeđibegović Jasmina, Brčaninović Maida, Omeragić Elma, Čaklovica Faruk, Dobrača Amila, Šober Miroslav

Abstract: The main aim of our work was to determine antioxidant capacity of some traditional non-alcoholic beverages in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Eight samples of traditionally prepared beverages were tested by DPPH and FRAP assay. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and anthocyanidines by Vanilin-HCl method. Total phenolic content was in range of 74.31 mg TEA/L (elder juice with lemon) to 3 365.35 mg TEA/L (pomegranate juice). Anthocyanidines content ranged from 125.27 mg/L (elder juice without lemon) to 1899.08 mg/L (traditionally prepared blackberry juice). Pomegranate juice exhibited the strongest activity against DPPH radicals (75.29% inhibition). The DPPH determined antioxidant capacity showed positive correlation with total phenolic content as well as with flavonoids content. FRAP assay showedstronger antioxidant capacity for most of the samples, compared to ascorbic acid standard. The analyzed traditionally prepared beverages showed strong antioxidant capacity which was even more pronounced than in the commercial juice.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 45, 9-12.

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Impact analysis of Brijesnica landfill site on the water system in the Majevica canal Original Scientific Article

Avdić Nurudin, Goletić Šefket, Šerifović Edin, Nuhanović Mirza

Abstract: The work presents the results of an investigation on an interaction between Brijesnica landfill site and ground and surface waters in the landfill site zone. Landfill site Brijesnica is located between the 44 °N Latitude and 19 °E Longitude touching the flat Semberija region and a slightly hilly area under Mt. Majevica. The seepage of the leachate water from the landfill into the ground and surface waters and their characterization was examined on a range of samples of ground and surface waters in the landfill zone. The dominating type of ground and surface water during the examination was Ca-HCO3, Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 with Ca-HCO3-NH3 being recorded at the periphery of the landfill site.  A somewhat larger amount of ammonium has been recorded at the periphery of the landfill site and in the ground and surface waters in comparison with other samples. Microbiological contamination was noted alongside the landfill site and in the ground and surface waters. 

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 45, 13-18.

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Solid state synthesis and characterization of LiFePO4/C as cathode material for Li-ion batteries Original Scientific Article

Karaman Nejra, Aliefendić Meho, Pljuco Saša, Kozlica Dževad, Nalić Nađa, Korać Fehim, Gutić Sanjin

Abstract: Lithium transition metal phosphates have been recognized as potential positive electrodes for use in large scale production of lithium ion batteries, specially due to high thermal and chemical stability. Amongst all positive electrode materials, such as Li3V2(PO4)3, LiMnPO4 LiVPO4F, the olivine LiFePO4 has the most promising characteristics. The LiFePO4/C composite was synthesized by solid state reaction using LiOH as source of lithium ion, stearic acid which acts as reductive agent and carbon source and FePO4 precursor prepared from FeSO4×7H2O and NH4H2PO4. The starting materials were mixed in stoichiometric ratio and heated at 700°C under N2 flow to form the composite LiFePO4/C. Properties of synthesized material were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Raman spectral analysis indicated some amorphous sp3 bonded carbon, sp2 graphite like phase and presence of carbides. Cyclic voltammograms confirmed good reversibility of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions from structure. Impedance response of the cells consisted of a depressed semicircle in the high frequency region, which is attributed to the charge-transfer process and sloping line in low frequency region which corresponds to the Warburg impedance.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 45, 19-22.

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Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of three Lamiaceae species from Bosnia and Herzegovina Original Scientific Article

Odak Ilijana, Talić Stanislava, Martinovć Bevanda Anita

Abstract: The components of essential oils of rosemary, sage and lavender were investigated by GC-MS and assayed for their antioxidant activities. The plants were collected after the end of the vegetative cycle. The principal components of sage essential oil were 1,8-cineole (28.03%), a-thujone (11.98%), veridiflorol (11.17%), and a-humulene (11.0%). Rosemary essential oil was mainly composed of a-pinene (14.02%), camphor (13.62%), 1,8-cineole (13.02%), borneol (12.45%), and berbenone (10.04%). Predominant compounds in lavender essential oil were 1,8-cineole (40.68%) and camphor (29.82%). Antioxidant activity was examined by two different methods: the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and determination of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The results indicate that the tested essential oils have low antioxidant activity compared to synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In relation to the other oils investigated, rosemary essential oil showed the highest antioxidant activity by both methods.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 45, 23-30.

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Determination of gross alpha and beta activity and uranium isotope content in commercially available, bottled,natural spring waters Original Scientific Article

Nuhanović Mirza, Mulić Mirela, Mujezinović Aida, Grgić Željka, Bajić Irma

Abstract: Determination of content (active concentration) of radio-nuclides has recently become an indispensable part of the study dealing with the protection of the environment. Uranium concentration levels in aquatic environment are of great importance for environmental and safety assessmentand for the protection of public health. Achieving this purpose, monitoring program for this radio-nuclide, radium and thorium, as well as gross alpha and beta activities, seems necessary and it is applied in many countries. This study determined the activity concentration of uranium isotopes in 10 samples of drinking water, natural spring and mineral water (bottled, commercially available water). Also, gross alpha and beta activity has been determined for all samples. Activity concentration of uranium isotopes was measured with alpha-spectrometry, while gross alpha-beta activity was measured by low level gas-flow proportional alpha-beta counter. Results of the research show that the concentration of isotopic uranium activities in the tested samples of drinking water varies from 10-8to 10-2 Bq/L, while gross alpha-beta activity is between 10-3 and 10-1 Bq/g.The results show that the analyzed brands of spring, commercially available bottled waters meet the defined criteria of radiological safety.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 45, 31-34.

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Graphite, Graphite Oxide, Graphene Oxide, and Reduced Graphene Oxide as Active Materials for Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors: A comparative Study Original Scientific Article

Kozlica Dževad, Korać Fehim, Gutić Sanjin

Abstract: In this paper report we compare the properties and the performance of four different carbonaceous materials, namely graphite, graphite oxide, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, as active materials for electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). Compared to ordinary graphite, and graphite oxide, rGO have superior capacitive behavior and power output in EDLCs due to their unique nanoporous structure, porosity and enormous BET surface area close to 1200 m2g-1. The electrochemical properties of these carbonaceous materials were determined by cyclic voltammetry. The result of this investigations indicate reduced graphene oxide as a very promissing candidate for the realization of high performance EDLCs, able to display high energy and high power. In the potential range of (0 to -0.8) V, rGO has the specific capacitance of 85.9 Fg-1 in 1 molL-1 LiNO3 solution using three-electrode system. A further analysis of the electrochemical behavior in different electrolytic aqueous media showed that in Li+ solution  rGO  have the highest capacitance, as we compareto Na+ and K+ solutions.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 45, 35-38.

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Determination of metal contents in various chocolate samples Original Scientific Article

Alagić Nerma, Huremović Jasna

Abstract: Seven metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Fe, and Pb) were determined in 17 different samples of chocolate and commonly consumed cocoa products using atomic absorption spectrometry, flame technique (F-AAS). Samples were prepared by wet digestion with concentrated nitric acid. Concentrations of metals (Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn), with exception of Cr, Pb and Cd, were found to be the highest in cocoa powder and black chocolate with a high content of cocoa. Concentrations of Cu, Cd and Pb were found to be below permissible levels prescribed by national Regulation of maximum permitted quantities of  certain contaminants in food B&H in all samples.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 45, 39-42.

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Application of Web-based Learning Material for Teaching States of Matter in 8th Grade Primary School Chemistry – A Pilot Study Results Original Scientific Article

Nuić Ines, Glažar Saša Aleksej 

Abstract: This paper presents results of a pilot study that investigated the progression in primary school students’ conceptions of the structure and states of matter while learning with a new instructional approach dealing with these concepts. The study begun in May and was continued in September 2013. In the first part of the study we included 108 7th grade students (aged 12-13) from two primary schools, and in the second part we continued the study with57 8th grade students (aged 13-14) from one school. Web-based learning material was applied as instructional tool during teaching of Structure of matter and States of matter, containing both macro and sub-micro level of representation. Students were asked to fulfill tests of knowledge dealing with macroscopic and submicroscopic level of representation. Results showed better understanding of structure and states of matter but also some persistent misconceptions that could be addressed in the following period.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 45, 43-50.

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Interpretation of results obtained from test purification of wastewater with zinc electrodes Original Scientific Article

Halilović Namir, Gutić Sanjin, Korać Fehim, Avdić Nurudin 

Abstract: Basic materials used for electrochemical purification of wastewater are iron and aluminium electrodes. In this paper, results obtained from analysis of wastewater samples before and after electrolysis with zinc electrodes are presented and compared with the results of aluminium electrodes and mixed metal oxide electrodes. In all experiments with zinc, the same materials were used as anode and cathode. After 7 min of electrolysis at only 0,018 A/dm2, concentration of chloride in was reduced using zinc electrodes, and the efficiency of microorganisms removal is double, directly and indirectly. The effects of the main parameters in electrochemical cell with zinc electrodes – changes in the conductivity of the solution, variation of pH, turbidity of samples, removal of chloride and production of hypochlorous acid were investigated.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 45, 51-56.

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Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina

 

 

Issue 46

 

 

 

Publication date: June 2016

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Table of contents

Biogas from Poultry Manure Original Scientific Article

Berbić Medina, Avdić Nurudin

Abstract: It is estimated that around 2 billion of waste annually is formed in the European Union (EU), which is deposited-in sanitary and industrial dumps, and it is recorded continuous increasing in the production of organic waste. Biodegradability of organic substances enables the emission of CH4 (biomethane) that has 25 times higher the greenhouse potential than CO2 as a predominant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. The treatment of organic waste through anaerobic digestion flourished in the 20th century, thus opening the way to the environmental remediation of manure, as one of the most influential source of methane emissions. This study research the production of methane in poultry manure, as one of the most usual animal fertilizers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research activities are comprised of waste characterization and testing the biodegradability of waste using Biomethan Potential Test BMP The temperature range of the study was 37 ± 1°C (mesophilic process). The research topic is manure of laying hens, without bed. The conducted research activities have shown the existence of possibilities for the production of biogas by using anaerobic biological treatment of poultry manure. The yield of biogas in the amount of 5752 mL was achieved with a methane content of 53.19% for the treatment of the substrate with 15% total solid (TS). By treating the substrate with 17% total solid (TS) less biogas is obtained, in the amount of 2337.50 mL of biogas but with a higher content of methane, in the amount of 56.36%. Physico-chemical analysis revealed a deviation ratio of C(COD):N:P:S from the optimal ratio for substrate and digestate, which caused disturbances in the performance of the anaerobic digestion process. Inadequate ratio is expressed with low carbon content and a high content of nitrogen and sulfur. The course of the study has proven to be extremely useful for testing the possibilities of biogas production in combination with other organic waste, which opens up opportunities for further research.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 46, 1-6.

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Investigation of the influence of magnesium chloride to sulfate corrosion of concrete Original Scientific Paper

Bikić Farzet, Brkić Dejana

Abstract: The paper research subject is to examine whether chlorides of magnesium chloride block the affect of sulphate of magnesium sulfate to the concrete, that is, whether they block the sulfate corrosion of concrete. The cylindrical samples of cement paste measuring 80 × 40 mm of varying water-cement ratio 0.5 and 0.7 (kg H2O / kg of cement) were prepared for implementation of planned research. The samples were immersed and treated for nine months in following solutions: 1% MgCl2, 1% MgSO4, 1% MgCl2 + 1% MgSO4, 5% MgCl2, 5% MgSO4, 5% MgCl2 + 5% MgSO4. In order to study concrete corrosion, the samples were dried, grounded and analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), after being removed from the solutions. Treated cement paste samples in solutions of MgSO4, the concentration of 1% MgSO4 and 5% MgSO4, at both water-cement ratios form ettringite formula 3CaO×Al2O3×3CaSO4×31H2O.Ettringite occurs in reactions of sulfate and aluminate hydrate and could lead concrete structure to a state of destruction. The reaction is also known as sulphate corrosion of concrete. In joint solutions of magnesium salt of concentration of 1% MgCl2+ 1% MgSO4and 5% MgCl2+ 5% MgSO4, at both water-cement ratios, chlorides with aluminate hydrate form monochloroaluminate hydrate formula 3CaO×Al2O3×CaCl2×10H2O,while sulfates react with calcium hydroxide to gypsum without forming expansive ettringite on samples of the cement paste. Blocking the formation of expansive ettringite verifies the blocking of sulfate corrosion of concrete by chloride from magnesium chloride.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 46, 7-12.

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Effect of Ultrasound on Biodiesel Synthesis from Plant Oil  Original Scientific Paper

Nuhanović Mirza, Pehlić Ekrem, Čišija Vedad, Gutić Sanjin

Abstract: The recent studies have clearly shown that the continuous exploitation of fossil fuels has adverse effects on the environment, while reserves of oils are sufficient for about next fifty years. As the need for energy rises, so do the energy policies tend to develop and research the renewable energy sources including biodiesel. The goal of this research is to examine the ultrasound effect on biodiesel synthesis process and to optimize synthesis conditions, examining the effect of several parameters in production process and biodiesel quality. Biodiesel synthesis was processed out of unused sunflower oil and sunflower oil used in fast-food (waist oil). Particularly, the ultrasound effect on production process-transesterification reaction was examined. After synthesis, examination of density, viscosity, flash point and yield were done using suitable apparatus and methods. The study results proved that the most optimal temperature with the use of ultrasound is 60oC, sonication time of 15 minutes and alcohol-oil molar ratio 3:1. Also, the results proved that using ultrasound during biodiesel synthesis, transesterification reaction can be processed on lower temperatures and still, biodiesel of good quality can be produced, contrary to conventional synthesis. Using the ultrasound generator for laboratory biodiesel synthesis largely shortens reaction time, increases rate of chemical reaction, decreases by-product amount, decreases alcohol amount, decreases waste water and, in the end, saves energy because the reaction is faster and takes less time at lower temperatures.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 46, 13-18.

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Analysis of Some Metals in Human Hair by the AAS Method Original Scientific Paper

Mutap Amira, Huremović Jasna, Nuhanović Mirza

Abstract: The essential and toxic elements are contained in drinking water, food and the air - in the entire general human surrounding. Considering the effects of these elements on human health, the recommended/allowed levels of their intake into the organism are defined by the national and international regulations. Those levels are an important indicator of the state an organism is, which is determined by different biological samples of human origin. In this work, the determination of the concentrations of metals was performed on human hair samples of the people living on the area of Kiseljak. The metal levels that were established in the hair were of those essential metals (copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron) and of two toxic metals (chromium and cadmium). The human hair sampling was carried out during the period of November 2014. - February 2015. The group of responders was male and female donors of various ages, (2-66 years old). By the examination of the results, the specifications that were taken into consideration were the following: age and gender of the hair donor, chemical treatment of the hair, smoking habits of the donors. The technique that was applied for determining the concentration of the heavy metals in the samples was the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The final results showed a normal and in some cases increased, concentration of essential metals. The content of Cr and Cdin all analyzed samples was below the limit of quantificationof used technique.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 46, 19-26.

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DFT Structural Analysis of Chamazulene Original Scientific Paper

Salihović Mirsada, Šapčanin Aida, Špiritović-Halilović Selma, Završnik Davorka

Abstract: A combined theoretical and experimental study on the structure, infrared,UV-Vis,1H and 13C NMR data of chamazulene is presented. Theoretical geometry optimizations and some additional properties of chamazulene and their IR, UV-Vis, NMR spectra were calculated using the DFT B3LYP /6-31G(d) level. Calculations were done using software Spartan 10. Experimental data showed that chamazulene have absorption maximum at 340 nm to 530 nm. The position of max did not much differ from the theoretically calculated value. The calculated density of states showed excellent agreement with UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectra predicting the absorption maximum at 310 nm (calculated 332 nm) to 530 nm (calculated 516 nm). The IR normal modes were assigned for the two very small sp2 CH valence bands and strong sp3 CH vibrations. The aromatic overtone vibrations can hardly be detected and also the C=C vibration is very weak.1H NMR spectroscopy, showed resonances of the ring protons between 7 and 8 ppm. The methyl groups and the methylene group appear rather deshielded at 2.7 and 2.9 ppm. The calculations yielded reliable results that were in good correlation with experimental data. This study is a good basis forcollaboration between experimentalists and quantum chemists.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 46, 27-32.

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Solvent-free Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 14-Aryl Substituted Dibenzoxanthene Derivatives Original Scientific Paper

Veljović Elma, Špirtović-Halilović Selma, Kahrović Emira, Roca Sunčica, Novaković Irena, Osmanović Amar, Salihović Mirsada, Alagić Davor, Hastor Benjamin, Ljubunčić Dženana,     Završnik Davorka

Abstract: Xanthene derivatives are important compounds because of their proven biological activities. Seven 14-aryl-14H-dibenzoxanthenederivatives were synthesized by reliable solvent-free synthesis procedure using iron (III) chloride hexahydrate as a catalyst. Three synthesized derivatives possess antibacterial activities against different bacteria. Compound 14-(2’,5’-dimethoxyphenyl)-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene(3) showed best activity against Escherichia coliand Staphylococcus aureus with MIC 0.616 mg/mL. Docking study for the most potent compound was carried out by taking amino terminal domain of enzyme I as a target for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and it was shown that binding energy of 3 was similar to amikacin’s (around –4.2 kcal/mol) used as a referent drug, although bound on a different sites on enzyme.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 46, 33-38.

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Determination of Pesticide Residues in Honey usingGC-MS Technique  Original Scientific Paper

Kurtagić Harun, Čopra-Janićijević Amira

Abstract: Ten samples of honey(Mountain Honey, Mountain flower honey, Flower honey and Chestnut honey) were analyses for 26 organochlorine, carbamate and orgaphosphorus pesticides residues. An analytical procedure was based on QuEChERS extraction with acetonitrile followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The calibration curves constructed were linear over the range from 0.01-0.25 mlL-1. The correlation coefficient were ≥ 0.995 for all pesticides standards. The mean recoveries for extractions were 70-125% for lower concentration range (0.02 mg/kg) and 62-135% for the higher concentration range (0.10 mg/kg) for pesticides analysed. Six different pesticides, propham and carbofuran (carbamate pesticides), methyl parathion, dichlorvos sulfotep and malathion (organophosphate pesticides) were detected in the analysed honeys samples.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 46, 39-42.

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Determination of the Daily Rhythm of Cortisol in the Saliva of Women and Men Original Scientific Paper

Ljubijankić Nevzeta, Kučukalić Elma, Ljubijankić Sead

Abstract: Saliva provides a useful and noninvasive alternative to blood for many biomedical diagnostic assays. Recently, saliva has been used as a biological sample of choice for the monitoring of hormones and other clinically important biomolecules. The assessment of cortisol in saliva has proven to be a valid and reliable reflection of the respective unbound hormone in blood and is widely accepted and a frequently employed method. Due to several advantages over blood cortisol analysis (e.g., stress-free sampling, laboratory independence, lower costs) saliva cortisol assessment can be the method of choice in basic research and clinical environments. Synthesis and secretion of cortisol has the most obvious circadian rhythm in nature. The highest concentration of cortisol in extracellular fluids is in the morning hours and the lowest one in the evening. The object of this study was to determine and compare the daily fluctuations of cortisol in saliva by measuring cortisol levels in the saliva of healthy individuals daily in certain periods. Next step was to compare the values of the concentrations of cortisol in test subjects of different sexes and determine the benefits of analysis of cortisol in saliva.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 46, 43-46.

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Rosemary as ecologically acceptable corrosion inhibitor of steel Original Scientific Paper

Ćatić Sead, Obralić Ema, Bratovčić Amra

Abstract: In recent years, due to increasing interest and attention of the world towards environmental protection, there has been a complete reduction or use of a certain number of corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibitors are substances which, added in small quantities in aggressive media, may greatly reduce the rate of corrosion of metals. In the development of corrosion inhibitors, it is necessary to pay special attention to their toxicity and impact on environmental pollution. The research of plant extracts have become a great area of interest in the study of corrosion inhibitors. Testing the ability to protect steel was performed with plant material (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). In order to determine the basic parameters that show the effectiveness of green inhibitors, electrochemical measurements of corrosion rate were carried out. Results obtained by DC techniques (method of Tafel extrapolation) showed that the corrosion rate decreases in the presence of the tested corrosion inhibitor. Studies have shown that, in a certain concentration, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has the effectiveness of the protection of steel in 3% NaCl, and as such, it is considered an acceptable corrosion inhibitor.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 46, 47-50.

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The effect of chlorogenic acid on the Briggs-Rauscher oscillating reaction Original Scientific Paper

Dacić Minela, Gojak-Salimović Sabina

Abstract: The Briggs-Rauscher oscillating reaction can be used as test for antioxidant activity of pure compounds or food extracts. Antioxidants are substances that have the ability to neutralize free radicals, which are harmful to human health. Adding the substances with antioxidant ability to the reaction mixture, oscillations temporarily stops, and after a certain time the oscillating reaction starts again. The period without oscillations  is known as inhibition time, and it's proportional to the quantity of antioxidant species in reactive mixture. In this study the Briggs-Rauscher reaction was used to measure the antioxidant activity of chlorogenic acid. Inhibition time, duration of reaction and the number of oscillations was determined varying the concentration of chlorogenic acid and solvent (water, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide). Flow of oscillations in the Briggs-Rauscher reaction mixture was monitored as a change in potential between the platinum and silver-silver chloride electrodes at room temperature. With increasing concentrations of chlorogenic acid in all three solvents the inhibition time of oscillations is increased.

Bulletin of the Chemists and Technologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina 46, 51-54.

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